交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)：交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，常(chang)(chang)被稱為(wei) “慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)”，輸出為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，功(gong)率一(yi)般在(zai) 3.5kW - 22kW 之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)，常(chang)(chang)見的(de)有 7kW。其工作原理是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)入充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，再通過車(che)載(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機將交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)功(gong)率相對(dui)較(jiao)低(di)(di)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)較(jiao)長，充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿一(yi)輛(liang)車(che)通常(chang)(chang)需(xu)要(yao)數(shu)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)甚(shen)至更長時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，適合在(zai)夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)或長時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)停車(che)場(chang)景下使用，如家(jia)庭車(che)庫、住宅小區停車(che)場(chang)、辦公場(chang)所(suo)停車(che)場(chang)等(deng)，利用車(che)輛(liang)停放的(de)閑暇時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)完成充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網沖(chong)擊較(jiao)小，安裝成本較(jiao)低(di)(di)且較(jiao)為(wei)便(bian)捷(jie)，只需(xu)接(jie)入普通市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)口(kou)即可。換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)協同，滿足(zu)不(bu)同場(chang)景下的(de)補能需(xu)求。河南新能源充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)廠家(jia)

持續推進充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)發(fa)：加(jia)大對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)發(fa)的(de)(de)投入力度，鼓勵科(ke)研(yan)機構、高校(xiao)與(yu)企(qi)業開(kai)展(zhan)產(chan)學研(yan)合(he)作，突破關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)瓶(ping)頸(jing)。在快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、超充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)方面，進一步(bu)提高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率，縮短充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)，研(yan)發(fa)適配不同(tong)(tong)車(che)型、不同(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備，同(tong)(tong)時降低充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中的(de)(de)能(neng)量損耗與(yu)發(fa)熱問題(ti)；探(tan)索無(wu)線充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、移動(dong)(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等前沿技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)應用，提高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)便利(li)性(xing)與(yu)靈(ling)活性(xing)。例(li)如，一些(xie)企(qi)業正在研(yan)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)態無(wu)線充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，使車(che)輛在行駛過(guo)程中即可(ke)實現充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有望徹(che)底解決電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)續航(hang)與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)難題(ti)。此外，加(jia)強對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)**技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)研(yan)究，通(tong)過(guo)多重(zhong)**防護(hu)措施，如過(guo)壓保護(hu)、過(guo)流保護(hu)、漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)、異物(wu)檢測等，確保充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程**可(ke)靠。寧波明偉充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)品牌充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)智能(neng)化服務讓車(che)主(zhu)享受(shou)更加(jia)便捷(jie)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體驗。

傳統的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度較慢，以常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)家用(yong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁為例，其功率一(yi)般在(zai)7kW左右(you)，給一(yi)輛(liang)續(xu)航里程為400公里的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)能源汽(qi)車充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，大(da)約需要6-8小(xiao)時(shi)。這種(zhong)漫(man)長的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，在(zai)快(kuai)節奏的(de)(de)(de)現代生活中(zhong)，給用(yong)戶帶來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)不便，嚴重(zhong)限(xian)制了(le)(le)(le)(le)新(xin)能源汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)普及和推(tui)廣(guang)。相(xiang)比之下(xia)，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁能夠(gou)在(zai)短時(shi)間內(nei)為車輛(liang)補(bu)充(chong)大(da)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，大(da)幅度提(ti)高了(le)(le)(le)(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率，滿足了(le)(le)(le)(le)用(yong)戶快(kuai)速(su)出(chu)(chu)行的(de)(de)(de)需求。為了(le)(le)(le)(le)加快(kuai)新(xin)能源汽(qi)車產業的(de)(de)(de)發展，各國**紛紛出(chu)(chu)臺(tai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)系(xi)列鼓勵(li)政策，大(da)力(li)支持快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁等充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎設施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設。我國將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁納入新(xin)型基礎設施(shi)建(jian)設范(fan)疇，給予大(da)量資金補(bu)貼與政策優惠。例如，一(yi)些地(di)方**對新(xin)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站給予設備(bei)購置補(bu)貼、建(jian)設補(bu)貼等，有效降(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)(le)(le)企業的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設成本。在(zai)政策的(de)(de)(de)大(da)力(li)推(tui)動下(xia)，我國快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設速(su)度不斷加快(kuai)，數量持續(xu)增加。

隨著技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)不斷進步，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度將大幅提(ti)升。一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，新型(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)材料和(he)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)研發將提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)和(he)能(neng)量轉換(huan)效率(lv)。例(li)如，碳化硅功率(lv)器件的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)可以有效降(jiang)低充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)耗，提(ti)高(gao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度。另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)創新也將使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)能(neng)夠接受(shou)更大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，縮短(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。未來，有望(wang)實現10-15分鐘內將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)的(de)(de)(de)目標，使新能(neng)源汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)能(neng)時(shi)間與燃油車(che)(che)加油時(shi)間相當。智能(neng)化將是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)未來發展的(de)(de)(de)重要趨勢。通過物聯網、大數據、人(ren)工智能(neng)等(deng)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)將實現智能(neng)化管理和(he)運(yun)營。用(yong)(yong)戶可以通過手機APP實時(shi)查詢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)位置、狀態(tai)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價格等(deng)信息(xi)，并進行(xing)預約(yue)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、遠程控制等(deng)操作。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)還可以根(gen)據車(che)(che)輛(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態(tai)、用(yong)(yong)戶使用(yong)(yong)習慣等(deng)因素(su)，智能(neng)調整充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)策略，提(ti)供個性化的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務。此(ci)外(wai)，智能(neng)化的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)還能(neng)夠實現故(gu)障自動(dong)診斷、遠程維護，提(ti)高(gao)運(yun)營效率(lv)，降(jiang)低運(yun)維成(cheng)本。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)付(fu)方(fang)(fang)式多樣化，支(zhi)持掃碼、刷卡等(deng)多種支(zhi)付(fu)方(fang)(fang)式。

充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)路線(xian)(xian)主要(yao)分(fen)為(wei)交(jiao)流（AC）與(yu)直(zhi)流（DC）兩大類，其性能(neng)差異直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)用(yong)戶體驗與(yu)運營效率(lv)。交(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁：通過車(che)載充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)（OBC）將交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，功(gong)率(lv)通常(chang)為(wei)3.3kW至22kW，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)約85%-90%。優勢在于成(cheng)本低(di)(di)、安(an)裝(zhuang)便捷，但(dan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度慢（如7kW樁充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿60kWh電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池需8-10小時(shi)），適(shi)合家庭、辦(ban)公場景。直(zhi)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁：直(zhi)接(jie)輸出直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，功(gong)率(lv)覆蓋30kW至600kW，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)可(ke)達95%以上。以350kW超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁為(wei)例，10分(fen)鐘可(ke)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)200公里續航，但(dan)設備成(cheng)本高（單樁成(cheng)本約15萬-30萬元），且(qie)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網沖擊較大，需配套儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統。技(ji)(ji)術(shu)演進中，液冷(leng)超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、無(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)V2G（車(che)輛到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網）技(ji)(ji)術(shu)成(cheng)為(wei)焦點：液冷(leng)超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)：通過液冷(leng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)降低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)溫度，支(zhi)持更(geng)高功(gong)率(lv)（如華為(wei)600kW全液冷(leng)超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁），解決大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)發熱問(wen)題。無(wu)線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：基于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應或(huo)磁共振原理，功(gong)率(lv)可(ke)達11kW，但(dan)傳輸效率(lv)（約80%-85%）低(di)(di)于有線(xian)(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，且(qie)需車(che)輛底部(bu)安(an)裝(zhuang)接(jie)收(shou)裝(zhuang)置，商業化仍需突破。V2G技(ji)(ji)術(shu)：允(yun)許電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網負荷低(di)(di)谷時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高峰時(shi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，實現“削峰填谷”。特(te)斯拉Powerwall與(yu)比亞迪(di)儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統已開始試點，但(dan)需解決電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命損耗與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網調度協同問(wen)題。無(wu)感支(zhi)付技(ji)(ji)術(shu)讓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程自動(dong)扣(kou)費，告(gao)別(bie)繁瑣操作。金華新能(neng)源充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁

超充(chong)樁(zhuang)支(zhi)持(chi)480kW功率輸出，充(chong)電速度(du)媲美燃油(you)車加油(you)。河南新能源(yuan)充(chong)電樁(zhuang)廠家

20 世(shi)紀后期(qi)，石油危(wei)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)以(yi)及公眾對空(kong)氣污染意識的(de)(de)(de)增強，促使(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)行(xing)業再度(du)興起(qi)。一些汽車(che)公司開始(shi)制造電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)并(bing)建設(she)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎設(she)施(shi)，早期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)可以(yi)在家里(li)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用普通插座充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。20 世(shi)紀 60 年代(dai)，鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)問(wen)世(shi)，其(qi)比早期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)效率更(geng)高，提供了(le)更(geng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)駛里(li)程和更(geng)快的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)更(geng)適合長(chang)途(tu)旅(lv)行(xing)，也(ye)增加了(le)對消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)吸引力。1990 年代(dai)，直流快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)技術(shu)取(qu)得重大(da)突破，大(da)幅度(du)縮短了(le)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，同時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎設(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)普遍使(shi)(shi)(shi)用和標準化充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)發展，提高了(le)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)便利性，這些進步推動(dong)(dong)了(le)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)市場的(de)(de)(de)增長(chang)。河南(nan)新(xin)能源充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁廠(chang)家