拉(la)伸工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)基本原(yuan)理拉(la)伸工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)是通過模具對金屬板材(cai)施加軸向(xiang)(xiang)拉(la)力(li)，使(shi)其(qi)產生塑(su)性變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)成(cheng)開口(kou)空(kong)心(xin)件(jian)的冷沖壓技術。其(qi)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機制(zhi)包含(han)三(san)個(ge)階段(duan)：凸緣材(cai)料(liao)在徑向(xiang)(xiang)拉(la)應(ying)力(li)和切向(xiang)(xiang)壓應(ying)力(li)作用下產生流(liu)動；材(cai)料(liao)向(xiang)(xiang)凹模口(kou)部(bu)(bu)轉移形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)側壁；后完成(cheng)從平面板材(cai)到立體(ti)構件(jian)的形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)態轉換。關鍵參數拉(la)伸系數（m=d/D）決定了每次變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的極限程(cheng)度(du)，需通過多道工(gong)序逐步(bu)實現深拉(la)伸，避免材(cai)料(liao)因瞬時變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過大而破(po)裂。典型變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)特征(zheng)表現為：底(di)部(bu)(bu)網格保持原(yuan)始狀態側壁圓周線間距(ju)增大且均(jun)勻分(fen)布凸緣外緣變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)度(du)較大危(wei)險斷面集中(zhong)于底(di)部(bu)(bu)圓角區域(yu)拉(la)伸件(jian)汽車部(bu)(bu)件(jian)?的燃油箱/電池殼體(ti)占不(bu)銹鋼拉(la)伸件(jian)60%?。無錫(xi)精密(mi)拉(la)伸件(jian)加工(gong)

將材(cai)料(liao)(liao)根據其特點進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)和成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)。分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)：材(cai)料(liao)(liao)經過沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)量，發(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)(fen)已達到(dao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)，材(cai)料(liao)(liao)發(fa)生(sheng)了斷裂從(cong)而出現分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。分(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)也可分(fen)(fen)為剪切(qie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、沖(chong)(chong)孔工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)以及落料(liao)(liao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)等等，他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)就是在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)能夠隨(sui)著板料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)現進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)割(ge)。成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)：是毛坯料(liao)(liao)在(zai)受(shou)到(dao)沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，受(shou)到(dao)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)發(fa)生(sheng)了變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，進(jin)行(xing)塑性等一系列過程(cheng)，然后成(cheng)(cheng)為規格標準中的(de)(de)(de)(de)合格零件。沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)包含了縮(suo)口工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、翻邊工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、彎曲(qu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)等，其目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是材(cai)料(liao)(liao)能夠在(zai)沒有被破(po)壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia)，發(fa)生(sheng)塑性、變(bian)形(xing)、改造以及彎曲(qu)等過程(cheng)，然后成(cheng)(cheng)為要求條件下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)零件。無錫(xi)精密(mi)拉(la)伸件加工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能鎖(suo)外殼拉(la)伸件要求±0.01mm精度，需(xu)納米(mi)涂層模具配合微(wei)乳化切(qie)削(xue)液。

實施優先級建議:1.優先模具優化(成本增加15%，良率提升40%)2.配合拉伸油(降低50%拉毛缺陷)3.深拉伸件必須采用去磁+整形組合工藝當前行業瓶頸在于超薄件(