工藝(yi)：在(zai)700-750℃下保(bao)溫(wen)1小(xiao)時(shi)后(hou)空冷，組織轉變為(wei)等軸(zhou)α+β相，便于(yu)后(hou)續(xu)鉚(liu)接變形(xing)(xing)。四(si)、表面處理(li)工藝(yi)表面處理(li)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)提高鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)的耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)、耐磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)或美觀性(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見(jian)工藝(yi)包括：電鍍鋅鍍層：厚度(du)5-15μm，鹽(yan)霧(wu)試驗(yan)≥96小(xiao)時(shi)無白銹，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)碳(tan)鋼鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)的防腐（如汽車車身鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)）。鎳鍍層：厚度(du)3-8μm，硬度(du)達(da)HV500-600，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)鋁合金鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)的耐磨(mo)增強（如飛機(ji)蒙皮鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)）。陽(yang)極氧化適(shi)用(yong)(yong)材料：鋁合金鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)。工藝(yi)：在(zai)硫(liu)酸(suan)或鉻酸(suan)電解液中通電，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)10-30μm的氧化膜（如硬質陽(yang)極氧化膜硬度(du)達(da)HV400-500），耐鹽(yan)霧(wu)時(shi)間超1000小(xiao)時(shi)。鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)的可靠性(xing)(xing)：正確的鉚(liu)接操作(zuo)可以確保(bao)連(lian)接的持久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)和(he)穩定性(xing)(xing)，降低故障(zhang)風險。上海鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)99-769

冷(leng)鐓成(cheng)型工(gong)藝冷(leng)鐓是(shi)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)制造的(de)(de)重要工(gong)藝，通(tong)(tong)過模(mo)具在常溫下將(jiang)金屬線(xian)材塑(su)性變形(xing)(xing)為(wei)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)雛形(xing)(xing)，具有效(xiao)率高(gao)（每(mei)分鐘可(ke)(ke)生產數(shu)百件）、材料利用(yong)(yong)率高(gao)（可(ke)(ke)達95%以(yi)上(shang)）的(de)(de)特點。單工(gong)位(wei)冷(leng)鐓適用(yong)(yong)場景：簡單實(shi)心(xin)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)（如(ru)(ru)直(zhi)徑≤6mm的(de)(de)平頭(tou)(tou)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)）。流(liu)(liu)程：線(xian)材→切(qie)斷→鐓頭(tou)(tou)（形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)(tou)）→整形(xing)(xing)（修正(zheng)尺(chi)寸）→退模(mo)。設備(bei)：單工(gong)位(wei)冷(leng)鐓機(ji)，壓(ya)力(li)范(fan)圍通(tong)(tong)常為(wei)50-500噸。多工(gong)位(wei)冷(leng)鐓適用(yong)(yong)場景：復(fu)雜(za)結(jie)構鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)（如(ru)(ru)半(ban)空(kong)心(xin)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)、抽(chou)芯(xin)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)）。流(liu)(liu)程：工(gong)位(wei)1：切(qie)斷線(xian)材并預鐓頭(tou)(tou)；工(gong)位(wei)2：反(fan)擠壓(ya)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)空(kong)心(xin)部(bu)分（半(ban)空(kong)心(xin)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)）；工(gong)位(wei)3：鐓制釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)芯(xin)（抽(chou)芯(xin)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)）；上(shang)海不銹鋼環槽鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)環境(jing)適應性：選擇適合的(de)(de)鉚(liu)(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)材料和類型，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)提高(gao)連接件在不同環境(jing)下的(de)(de)耐用(yong)(yong)性。

回火(huo)(huo)：在(zai)150-650℃下保(bao)溫(wen)1-3小時，消(xiao)除淬火(huo)(huo)應力，調整硬(ying)度(du)（如(ru)(ru)回火(huo)(huo)至(zhi)HRC35-40）和韌性。案(an)(an)例(li)：汽車(che)底盤用強度(du)鉚釘(ding)(ding)（如(ru)(ru)10B21鋼(gang)）經淬火(huo)(huo)+回火(huo)(huo)后，抗(kang)拉(la)強度(du)達(da)1200MPa，延伸(shen)(shen)率≥12%。固(gu)溶處(chu)理+時效(xiao)（鋁(lv)(lv)合金鉚釘(ding)(ding)）固(gu)溶處(chu)理：將(jiang)鉚釘(ding)(ding)加(jia)熱至(zhi)470-490℃，保(bao)溫(wen)2-4小時后水淬，使強化相(xiang)（如(ru)(ru)θ相(xiang)）溶解到(dao)鋁(lv)(lv)基體(ti)中。時效(xiao)：在(zai)120-190℃下保(bao)溫(wen)8-24小時，析出細小強化相(xiang)（如(ru)(ru)Al?Cu），硬(ying)度(du)提升至(zhi)HRC12-15，抗(kang)拉(la)強度(du)達(da)450-500MPa。案(an)(an)例(li)：航(hang)空航(hang)天用2024鋁(lv)(lv)合金鉚釘(ding)(ding)經T6熱處(chu)理后，剪切強度(du)達(da)310MPa，滿足NAS標準要求。退(tui)火(huo)(huo)（鈦合金鉚釘(ding)(ding)）目的：消(xiao)除冷加(jia)工(gong)硬(ying)化，提高塑(su)性（如(ru)(ru)將(jiang)Ti-6Al-4V的延伸(shen)(shen)率從8%提升至(zhi)15%）。

工藝：冷鐓成型(xing)后，通過激光淬(cui)火(huo)或(huo)感應淬(cui)火(huo)局部(bu)(bu)硬化釘(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)，形成硬度梯(ti)度（釘(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)HRC30，釘(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)HRC50）。抽芯(xin)(xin)鉚釘(ding)(ding)(ding)制(zhi)造流(liu)程：冷鐓成型(xing)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)體和釘(ding)(ding)(ding)芯(xin)(xin)；在釘(ding)(ding)(ding)芯(xin)(xin)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)加工斷裂(lie)槽（深度0.3-0.5mm，寬(kuan)度0.1-0.2mm）；組(zu)裝(zhuang)后通過拉(la)力(li)(li)測(ce)試驗證釘(ding)(ding)(ding)芯(xin)(xin)斷裂(lie)力(li)(li)（誤差≤±5%）。設(she)備(bei)：組(zu)裝(zhuang)機，可實(shi)現釘(ding)(ding)(ding)體與釘(ding)(ding)(ding)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)自(zi)動對中和壓鉚。復合材(cai)料(liao)(liao)鉚釘(ding)(ding)(ding)制(zhi)造工藝：碳纖維預浸料(liao)(liao)鋪層（如[0/±45/90]s層合板）；模(mo)壓成型(xing)（溫度180-200℃，壓力(li)(li)10-15MPa，保溫2小時）；CNC加工釘(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)和釘(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)尺寸（公差≤±0.05mm）。優(you)勢：重量(liang)比金(jin)屬鉚釘(ding)(ding)(ding)降(jiang)低60%，且具(ju)備(bei)電磁屏蔽功能（如用于衛星結構連接(jie)(jie)）。）。鉚接(jie)(jie)與振(zhen)動阻尼：鉚接(jie)(jie)連接(jie)(jie)能有效提(ti)高結構的(de)抗振(zhen)性(xing)能，減(jian)少振(zhen)動帶來的(de)損害。

模壓成型（溫度(du)(du)180-200℃，壓力(li)10-15MPa，保溫2小時）；CNC加工(gong)釘頭(tou)和釘桿(gan)尺寸(cun)（公差≤±0.05mm）。優(you)勢(shi)：重量比金(jin)屬鉚(liu)(liu)釘降低(di)60%，且(qie)具備電磁(ci)屏蔽功能（如用(yong)于衛星結構連(lian)接(jie)）。質(zhi)量控制(zhi)與(yu)檢測(ce)尺寸(cun)檢測(ce)：使(shi)(shi)用(yong)光學投影儀或三坐標測(ce)量儀檢測(ce)釘頭(tou)直徑、釘桿(gan)長度(du)(du)等關鍵尺寸(cun)（公差≤±0.05mm）。力(li)學性能測(ce)試(shi)：通(tong)過拉(la)伸試(shi)驗機（如Instron 5982）測(ce)試(shi)抗拉(la)強(qiang)度(du)(du)（誤差≤±2%），剪切試(shi)驗機測(ce)試(shi)抗剪強(qiang)度(du)(du)。無損檢測(ce)：對鈦合(he)金(jin)或高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)(du)鋼鉚(liu)(liu)釘進行超聲波(bo)探傷，檢測(ce)內部裂(lie)紋（靈敏度(du)(du)≥0.1mm）。鉚(liu)(liu)釘與(yu)焊接(jie)的組合(he)應用(yong)：在某些結構中，鉚(liu)(liu)釘和焊接(jie)工(gong)藝可(ke)以互補使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，提升連(lian)接(jie)強(qiang)度(du)(du)。上海鉚(liu)(liu)釘99-769

農(nong)業(ye)機械：收割機刀片用鉚(liu)釘快速更換，降低維修(xiu)時間(jian)成本(ben)。上海鉚(liu)釘99-769

工(gong)藝：冷鐓成型后，通(tong)過(guo)激光淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)或(huo)感應淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)局(ju)部硬(ying)化釘(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)尾部，形成硬(ying)度(du)梯度(du)（釘(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)HRC30，釘(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)尾部HRC50）。抽(chou)芯鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)制造(zao)流程(cheng)：冷鐓成型釘(ding)(ding)(ding)體和釘(ding)(ding)(ding)芯；在釘(ding)(ding)(ding)芯尾部加(jia)工(gong)斷(duan)裂槽（深度(du)0.3-0.5mm，寬度(du)0.1-0.2mm）；組裝后通(tong)過(guo)拉力測試(shi)驗(yan)證(zheng)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)芯斷(duan)裂力（誤差≤±5%）。設備：組裝機(ji)，可實現釘(ding)(ding)(ding)體與釘(ding)(ding)(ding)芯的自動(dong)對中和壓(ya)鉚(liu)。復合(he)材料(liao)鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)制造(zao)工(gong)藝：碳纖維(wei)預浸料(liao)鋪層（如(ru)[0/±45/90]s層合(he)板(ban)）；模壓(ya)成型（溫度(du)180-200℃，壓(ya)力10-15MPa，保溫2小時(shi)）；CNC加(jia)工(gong)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)頭(tou)和釘(ding)(ding)(ding)桿(gan)尺寸(cun)（公差≤±0.05mm）。上海鉚(liu)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)99-769